Chú thích Văn minh Etrusca

  1. ↑ https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/etruscan/a/the-etruscans-an-introduction. |title= trống hay bị thiếu (trợ giúp)
  2. ↑ Diana Neri (2012). “1.1 Il periodo villanoviano nell'Emilia occidentale”. Gli etruschi tra VIII e VII secolo a.C. nel territorio di Castelfranco Emilia (MO) (bằng tiếng Ý). Firenze: All'Insegna del Giglio. tr. 9. ISBN 978-8878145337. Il termine “Villanoviano” è entrato nella letteratura archeologica quando, a metà dell ’800, il conte Gozzadini mise in luce le prime tombe ad incinerazione nella sua proprietà di Villanova di Castenaso, in località Caselle (BO). La cultura villanoviana coincide con il periodo più antico della civiltà etrusca, in particolare durante i secoli IX e VIII a.C. e i termini di Villanoviano I, II e III, utilizzati dagli archeologi per scandire le fasi evolutive, costituiscono partizioni convenzionali della prima età del Ferro
  3. ↑ Gilda Bartoloni (2012) [2002]. La cultura villanoviana. All'inizio della storia etrusca (bằng tiếng Ý) . Roma: Carocci editore. ISBN 9788843022618.
  4. ↑ Giovanni Colonna (2000). “I caratteri originali della civiltà Etrusca”. Trong Mario Torelli (biên tập). Gi Etruschi (bằng tiếng Ý). Milano: Bompiani. tr. 25–41.
  5. ↑ Dominique Briquel (2000). “Le origini degli Etruschi: una questione dibattuta fin dall'antichità”. Trong Mario Torelli (biên tập). Gi Etruschi (bằng tiếng Ý). Milano: Bompiani. tr. 43–51.
  6. ↑ Gilda Bartoloni (2000). “Le origini e la diffusione della cultura villanoviana”. Trong Mario Torelli (biên tập). Gi Etruschi (bằng tiếng Ý). Milano: Bompiani. tr. 53–71.
  7. ↑ Moser, Mary E. (1996). “The origins of the Etruscans: new evidence for an old question”. Trong Hall, John Franklin (biên tập). Etruscan Italy: Etruscan Influences on the Civilizations of Italy from Antiquity to the Modern Era (bằng tiếng Anh). Provo, Utah: Museum of Art, Brigham Young University. tr. 29- 43. ISBN 0842523340.
  8. 1 2 Helmut Rix (2008). “Etruscan”. Trong Roger D. Woodard (biên tập). The Ancient Languages of Europe. Cambridge University Press. tr. 141–64.
  9. ↑ Bartoloni, Gilda biên tập (2012). Introduzione all'Etruscologia (bằng tiếng Ý). Milan: Hoepli. ISBN 978-8820348700.
  10. ↑ “A good map of the Italian range and cities of the culture at the beginning of its history”. mysteriousetruscans.com.
  11. ↑ The topic of the "League of Etruria" is covered in Freeman, pp. 562–65.
  12. ↑ Titus Livius. Ab Urbe Condita Libri [The History of Rome]. Book V, Section 33. The passage identifies the Raetii as a remnant of the 12 cities "beyond the Apennines".
  13. ↑ Polybius. “Campanian Etruscans mentioned”. II.17.
  14. ↑ The entire subject with complete ancient sources in footnotes was worked up by George Dennis in his Introduction. In the LacusCurtius transcription, the references in Dennis's footnotes link to the texts in English or Latin; the reader may also find the English of some of them on WikiSource or other Internet sites. As the work has already been done by Dennis and Thayer, the complete work-up is not repeated here.
  15. ↑ M. Cary; H.H. Scullard (1979). A History of Rome (ấn bản 3). tr. 28. ISBN 0-312-38395-9.
  16. ↑ Bonfante, Giuliano; Bonfante, Larissa (2002) [1983]. The Etruscan language. An introduction (bằng tiếng Anh) . Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. ISBN 0719055407.
  17. ↑ Rasenna comes from Dionysius of Halicarnassus. Roman Antiquities. I.30.3. The syncopated form, Rasna, is inscriptional and is inflected.
  18. ↑ The topic is covered in Pallottino, p. 133.
  19. ↑ Some inscriptions, such as the cippus of Cortona, feature the Raśna (pronounced Rashna) alternative, as is described at Gabor Z. Bodroghy. “Origins”. The Palaeolinguistic Connection. Etruscan. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 16 tháng 4 năm 2008.
  20. ↑ According to Félix Gaffiot's Dictionnaire Illustré Latin Français, the major authors of the Roman Republic (Livy, Cicero, Horace, and others) used the term Tusci. Cognate words developed, including Tuscia and Tusculanensis. Tuscī was clearly the principal term used to designate things Etruscan; Etruscī and Etrusia/Etrūria were used less often, mainly by Cicero and Horace, and they lack cognates.
  21. ↑ According to the “Online Etymological Dictionary”. the English use of Etruscan dates from 1706.
  22. ↑ Gaffiot's.

Tài liệu tham khảo

WikiPedia: Văn minh Etrusca http://users.tpg.com.au/etr/etrusk/po/origins.html http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=etrusca... http://www.mysteriousetruscans.com http://www.mysteriousetruscans.com/cities.html http://www.academia.edu/28000848/Ruma_Rasna_Die_et... http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Pl... http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/... http://scholarworks.umass.edu/etruscan_studies/ http://www.umass.edu/etruscannews https://archive.org/details/ancientlanguages00roge